The
Bengal tiger, also called the royal Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris
tigris), is the most numerous tiger subspecies. It is the national animal of both India
and Bangladesh.[2] By 2011, the total population was estimated at fewer
than 2,500 individuals with a decreasing trend. None of the Tiger
Conservation Landscapes within the Bengal tiger's range is considered large
enough to support an effective population size of 250 adult individuals. Since
2010, it has been classified as endangered by the IUCN.[1]
As
of 2010, Bengal tiger populations in India
have been estimated at 1700-1900. As of 2014, they had reputedly increased to
an estimated 2,226 individuals,[4] but the method used in the census may not be
accurate. Bengal tigers number around 440 in Bangladesh and 163–253 in Nepal.
There were previously 67–81 individuals in Bhutan. However, the latest census estimated that 103 wild
Bengal tigers are living in the country.
Characteristics:
The
Bengal tiger's coat is yellow to light orange, with stripes ranging from dark
brown to black; the belly and the interior parts of the limbs are white, and
the tail is orange with black rings. The white tiger is a recessive mutant of the Bengal tiger, which is reported in the wild from
time to time in Assam, Bengal, Bihar
and especially from the former State of Rewa. However, it
is not to be mistaken as an occurrence of albinism. In fact, there is only one fully authenticated case
of a true albino tiger, and none of black tigers, with the possible exception
of one dead specimen examined in Chittagong in 1846.
Male
Bengal tigers have an average total length of 270 to 310 cm (110 to
120 in) including the tail, while females measure 240 to 265 cm (94
to 104 in) on average. The tail is typically 85 to 110 cm (33 to
43 in) long, and on average, tigers are 90 to 110 cm (35 to
43 in) in height at the shoulders.]The weight of males ranges from 180 to 258 kg (397
to 569 lb), while that of the females ranges from 100 to 160 kg (220
to 350 lb). The smallest recorded weights for Bengal tigers are from the Bangladesh
Sundarbans, where adult females are 75 to 80 kg (165 to 176 lb). Bengal
tigers have exceptionally stout teeth, and the canines are the longest among
all living felids; measuring from 7.5 to 10 cm (3.0 to 3.9 in) in
length.
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